The Role of Sleep Studies in Diagnosing Pediatric Narcolepsy

Sleep is essential for everyone, especially children. But what happens when a child's sleep patterns seem unusual? Sometimes, a sleep study can help doctors understand what is going on.

These studies are especially important in diagnosing narcolepsy. Narcolepsy is a sleep disorder that affects how the brain regulates a person’s sleep-wake cycle. This article will explain sleep studies, how they help diagnose narcolepsy in children, and what families can expect during the process.¹

What is a sleep study?

A sleep study, also called polysomnography, is a test that records your body's activities while you sleep. It is a painless and non-invasive procedure.^1-3

During the study, sensors are attached to your child's body. These sensors measure things like:^1-3

• Brain waves
• Eye movements
• Muscle activity
• Heart rate
• Breathing patterns

These measurements are recorded throughout the night. They give doctors a detailed picture of your child's sleep.^1-3

The sensors that are capturing all this data are painless. They can be thought of as “stickers” attached to various areas on the body – for instance, on the head, legs, and around the eyes. These sensors are connected to wires that lead to a computer. The computer collects all the information. A trained technician is there throughout the night, checking your child’s sleep from another room. They make sure the sensors stay in place and record any important events.^2,3

What is a multiple sleep latency test (MSLT)?

Sometimes, doctors also use a multiple sleep latency test or MSLT. It measures how quickly your child falls asleep during the day.^1-4

During the MSLT, your child will be asked to take several short naps, usually about 20 minutes long, spaced a couple of hours apart. The MSLT helps doctors see if your child enters rapid eye movement (REM) sleep quickly. REM sleep is the stage of sleep when we dream. People with narcolepsy often enter REM sleep very quickly. This is one of the key signs doctors look for.^2-4

Think of the MSLT as a series of mini-naps. Your child will be in a quiet, dark room. They will be asked to try to fall asleep. The sensors will record how long it takes them to fall asleep and what stage of sleep they enter.⁴

How do sleep studies help diagnose narcolepsy?

Sleep studies are very helpful in diagnosing narcolepsy in children. The polysomnography can rule out other sleep problems. It can also show if your child is getting good quality sleep.^1,2

The MSLT is particularly important for diagnosing narcolepsy. It can show if your child is falling asleep too quickly during the day. It can also show if they are entering REM sleep sleep within minutes of falling asleep. These are strong indicators of narcolepsy.^1-4

What to expect from sleep studies

For a child, preparing for a sleep study can seem a little scary. However, knowing what to expect can make the process easier.

Before the study, talk to your child about what will happen. Explain that the sensors are like stickers and will not hurt. You can bring some personal items with you to help your child feel more comfortable, such as a favorite stuffed animal or blanket.³

On the night of the study, your child will sleep in a private room at a sleep center. A parent or guardian can usually stay with them. The technician will attach the sensors. Then, your child can go to sleep as usual.³

If an MSLT is ordered, your child will take several short naps throughout the day. After the study, the doctor will review the results. It may take a few weeks to get the results. They will then discuss the results with you and explain what they mean. If your child is diagnosed with narcolepsy, the doctor will work with you to develop a treatment plan.^3,4

Working together for better sleep

Sleep studies are a valuable tool for diagnosing narcolepsy in children. They provide important information about your child's sleep patterns.^1,2

Understanding the process can help families feel more prepared. If you have concerns about your child's sleep, talk to your doctor. They can help you decide if a sleep study is right for your child.